아시아태평양경제협력체(APEC) 통상장관회의, 코로나 공동대응 및 다자무역체제지지 확인

아시아태평양경제협력체(APEC) 통상장관회의, 코로나 공동대응 및 다자무역체제지지 확인

담당부서 다자통상협력과등록일 2021-06-07

 

 

 

아시아태평양경제협력체(APEC) 통상장관회의, 

코로나 공동대응 및 다자무역체제지지 확인 

- 유명희 통상교섭본부장, APEC 화상 통상장관회의 참석 - 

- 코로나 백신 원료의 원활한 수급 및 보건·환경 등 신통상 분야에서의 선도적 역할 주문 -

 

 

□ 유명희 산업통상자원부 통상교섭본부장은 6.5(토) 20시(한국시간) 개최된 아시아 태평양 경제 협력체(이하 “APEC”) 통상장관회의에 참석하였음. 

 

   * APEC(Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation)은 무역·투자 원활화 및 아·태 경제공동체 건설을 목표로 하는, 미국·중국·일본·러시아 등 21개국을 포함한 세계 최대 경제협력체

 

 ㅇ 금번 회의는 코로나 19로 인해 올해 APEC 의장국인 뉴질랜드 측의 주재로 화상으로 개최되었음. 

 

 ㅇ 금년 11월 예정된 APEC 정상회의의 성과를 사전 논의하는 성격의 장관급 회의로, 코로나 극복과 WTO 지원 방안에 대해 깊이 있게 논의하였음. 

 

 

 

< APEC 통상장관회의 개요>

 

 

 

 

 ◇ 일시·장소 : ’21.6.5(토) 20:00~24:00 / 화상회의

 

 ◇ 참석자 : APEC 21개 회원국 통상장관(의장국: 뉴질랜드)

 

 ◇ 의제 : ① (세션1) 코로나로부터 경제회복을 위한 무역 정책 및 APEC의 역할② (세션2) WTO 12차 각료회의 예상성과 및 APEC의 지원방안

 

 

□ APEC 통상장관들은 코로나 상황에 공동 대응하고 다자무역체제를 지지하는 「2021 APEC 통상장관회의 공동성명서*」를 채택하였음.

 

    * APEC Ministers Responsible for Trade Meeting Joint Statement 2021 

 

 ㅇ 공동성명서에는 코로나 공동 대응을 위해 ▲백신 등에 대한 불필요한 수출제한 자제, ▲백신 공급을 위한 운송·통관 등 서비스 분야에서 협력, ▲국경간 안전한 여행 재개 등을 위해 협력하자는 내용이 포함되었고, 

 

 ㅇ 다자무역체제 지원을 위해 ▲수산보조금‧전자상거래 협상 진전 등 WTO 각료회의에서 성과 지원, ▲WTO 협상 및 분쟁해결 기능 개선 논의 지지, ▲APEC 환경상품·서비스 교역 증대 노력 등이 포함됨.

 

□ 유 본부장은 발언을 통해 코로나 위기 극복과 WTO 중심의 다자무역체제 회복을 위한 우리나라의 역할을 강조하였음. 

 

 ㅇ 백신 원료에 대한 원활한 수급 및 수출제한조치 자제를 강조하고, 운송·물류 서비스 지원 등을 통해 공급망 병목현상을 해결할 것을 촉구하고,

  

  - 우리나라의 바이오의약품 생산 역량을 활용해, 아·태지역 뿐만 아니라 전 세계 백신 공급의 확대에 적극 기여하겠다는 의지를 표명함.

 

 ㅇ 또한, 보건과 환경 등 신통상 분야에서의 논의진전이 필요하며, 환경상품‧서비스 자유화에서 APEC의 선도적인 역할을 촉구하였음. 

 

    * 우리나라가 뉴질랜드와 공동으로 제안한 ‘환경 서비스’ 교역 증진 관련 내용이 금번 APEC 공동성명서에 최종 반영됨

 

   - 특히 금주초(5.30~31일) 개최된 P4G 회의를 통한 기후변화 연대와 협력 노력을 소개하며 환경 논의에 지속 기여하겠다는 입장을 밝힘. 

 

  붙임. APEC 통상장관회의 공동성명서

 

 

 

APEC Ministers Responsible for Trade Meeting Joint Statement 2021

Wellington, New Zealand 05 June 2021

 

We, the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Ministers Responsible for Trade (MRT), met virtually from 4-5 June 2021. Our meeting was chaired by Hon Damien O’Connor, New Zealand’s Minister for Trade and Export Growth. We welcomed the participation of the Director-General of the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Chair of the APEC Business Advisory Council (ABAC), the Pacific Economic Cooperation Council (PECC), the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) Secretariat.

 

We, the APEC Ministers Responsible for Trade, are united behind the essential role of trade in tackling the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and in enabling a strong economic recovery for all our people. In these times of uncertainty, we are seized of the importance of implementing our Putrajaya Vision 2040, and we agree that bold action is necessary in the following three areas:

 

1. Trade as a tool to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic

 

Defeating COVID-19 is the top priority for every economy. Recognising the role of extensive COVID-19 immunisation as a global public good, we urgently need to accelerate the production and distribution of safe, effective, quality-assured, and affordable COVID-19 vaccines. As ministers, we are focused on trade and investment’s role in ensuring widespread and equitable access to such vaccines and related goods. APEC is playing a key role in this effort, consistent with the Putrajaya Vision 2040. In July 2020 we announced a Declaration on Facilitating the Movement of Essential Goods, which was a strong demonstration of our willingness and ability to work together to facilitate trade. However, there is more work to do.

 

Today, we are pleased to announce a standalone statement on COVID-19 Vaccine Supply Chains (Annex 1), which outlines our approach to ensuring the trading environment supports the safe and efficient distribution of COVID-19 vaccines and related goods. We welcome the Best Practice Guidelines for APEC Customs Administrations as an operational and practical contribution to help facilitate the distribution of COVID-19 vaccines and related goods. To continue APEC’s strong work in responding to the challenges of COVID-19, APEC economies will also agree to consider how to facilitate trade in medical supplies such as those included in the World Customs Organization (WCO) COVID-19 list,[1] and report to us before our APEC Ministerial Meeting in November.

 

It is vital that services trade continues to flow during the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, we highlight the integral role freight and logistics suppliers can play in the production, distribution, and sale of vaccines and medical supplies. We are pleased to announce the statement on Services to Support the Movement of Essential Goods (Annex 2). We task officials to update us on the progress of this work annually, as part of the review on the 2020 Declaration on Facilitating the Movement of Essential Goods. We also recognise the importance of providing predictability for service suppliers beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. As part of the work underway to review APEC's role in growing services competitiveness across the region, we agree to prioritise work to identify and subsequently consider removing unnecessary barriers to trade in services, particularly those services that expedite and facilitate the flow of essential goods.

 

Noting the detrimental impact of border and travel restrictions on our people and our economies, we must pave the way for the safe resumption of cross-border travel, without undermining efforts to prevent the spread of COVID-19. We task officials to share information on cross-border travel measures, including through established APEC digital platforms, and to identify initiatives and protocols related to establishing safe passage within the region, in line with ongoing multilateral discussions. We direct officials to discuss how APEC can better support air crews, facilitate business mobility across the region, and advance discussions on digital solutions to facilitate safe travel in the region, and report on progress before our APEC Ministerial Meeting in November.

 

We welcome the varied and continuous efforts as well as the contribution of additional resources across APEC to combat the pandemic, and note the newly established relevant ASF sub-fund in this regard.

 

2. Rules-based multilateral trading system

 

Recalling the role of the rules-based multilateral trading system in catalysing our region’s extraordinary growth, we are determined to cooperate to ensure the 12th WTO Ministerial Conference (MC12) is successful and delivers tangible results for all. We will cooperate to further enhance the role of the WTO in establishing rules that support a free, fair, predictable, non-discriminatory, transparent, and open trade and investment environment.

 

The WTO must demonstrate that global trade rules can help address the human catastrophe of the COVID-19 pandemic and facilitate the recovery. APEC economies will work proactively and urgently in Geneva to support text-based discussions, including for a temporary waiver of certain intellectual property protections on COVID-19 vaccines, as soon as possible and no later than MC12. As we seek to facilitate the recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, we support efforts to deliver pragmatic and effective solutions on trade and health that reinforce APEC’s work on essential goods, minimise disruption to, and enhance the resilience of supply chains, and demonstrate the positive role that trade can play in responding to global health emergencies. As APEC economies, we will play our part by ensuring that emergency measures designed to tackle COVID-19 are targeted, proportionate, transparent, temporary, and consistent with WTO rules and will support efforts to unwind remaining trade restrictive measures when appropriate.

 

We continue to support ongoing necessary reform work to improve the WTO’s functioning. To that end, we recognise the importance of making progress on enhancing transparency. We engaged in frank and constructive discussions, and are committed to continuing these discussions regarding improved functioning of the WTO’s negotiating and dispute settlement functions. We urge WTO members to seek a shared understanding of the types of reform needed by MC12.

 

One of the most important contributions that the WTO will make this year to strengthen its credibility as a forum for negotiating new rules and to safeguard our natural resources, is the successful conclusion of the decades-long fisheries subsidies negotiations. As a group, APEC economies support the WTO Director-General’s calls for the WTO fisheries subsidies negotiations to achieve a comprehensive and meaningful agreement with effective disciplines on harmful fisheries subsidies by 31 July 2021.

 

We must support the WTO and its membership to modernise trade rules for the twenty-first century. We recognise the positive role that existing plurilateral negotiations and discussions are playing in progressing outcomes. APEC member participants in the Joint Statement Initiatives (JSI) on e-commerce; domestic regulation in services; micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs); and investment facilitation for development call for substantial progress in the relevant initiatives. We take note of the calls by the APEC economies who endorsed the Joint Declaration on Trade and Women’s Economic Empowerment for an ambitious outcome at MC12.

 

APEC has been at the vanguard of ensuring that trade and environmental policies are mutually supportive, and we are determined this should continue. We agree on the importance of promoting economic policies and growth that contribute to tackling climate change and other serious environmental challenges aligned with global efforts, such as the achievement of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the goals of the Paris Agreement. In this context, we recognise member economies’ energy transitions to a low emissions future will reflect the different circumstances in each economy. We are committed to advancing trade and environment issues at the WTO. We reaffirm the importance of trade measures taken to combat climate change being non-discriminatory and consistent with WTO rules.

 

We recognise that since APEC Economic Leaders endorsed the APEC List of Environmental Goods in 2012, new environmentally friendly goods, technologies and innovations have emerged that are not covered by the original list. We are ready to take concrete steps that build on this legacy, to further APEC’s contribution to addressing the most serious environmental challenges. We instruct officials to review the implementation of the original list in contributing to green growth, addressing climate change and securing sustainable economic development objectives, and to update the list in terms of Harmonised System (HS) tariff classifications for reference purposes by the APEC Ministerial Meeting in November. At that time, we will consider instructing officials on further potential work to update the list. We also support APEC efforts to discuss the impact of non-tariff measures on trade in environmental goods.

 

We reaffirm APEC Economic Leaders’ commitments to work on environmental services and welcome recent APEC reports on the ways in which APEC economies could support increased trade in environmental services. We task officials to advance work on enhancing trade in environmental services, including by identifying environmentally related services across service sectors, and to report on progress at our APEC Ministerial Meeting in November. To ensure that services can contribute to long-term sustainability, we agree that economies will then take forward discussions on how to increase trade in environmental and environmentally related services, including by supporting liberalisation, facilitation, and cooperation. We instruct officials to report on the outcomes of these discussions at the 2022 MRT.

 

We recognise the importance of the global agricultural and food systems, underpinned by WTO rules, bringing food, fibre, and other critical products to people all over the world, supporting global food security and sustainable economic development. While the agriculture sector has been resilient and international markets have remained relatively stable during the pandemic, it remains one of the most protected sectors in global trade. We agree on the need for a meaningful outcome on agriculture at MC12, reflecting our collective interests and sensitivities, with a view towards achieving substantial progressive reductions in support and protection as envisaged in the continuation of the reform process provided in Article 20 of the Agreement on Agriculture and existing mandates.

 

Market-distorting subsidies undermine a level-playing field. We are also increasingly concerned about those subsidies that have a negative environmental impact. We recall APEC's 2015 commitment to rationalise and phase out inefficient fossil fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption, while recognising the importance of providing those in need with essential energy services. We task our officials to explore options, for those members that are in a position to do so, to undertake a potential voluntary standstill on inefficient fossil fuel subsidies for progress to be reported to ministers in November. We support capacity-building initiatives to advance progress towards the commitment, including further voluntary peer reviews.

 

APEC’s work needs to deliver for all members of society, including women, MSMEs, and others with untapped economic potential. In this regard, we note recent initiatives in APEC to unlock the economic potential of Indigenous peoples. It is our responsibility to ensure our economic policies and trade and investment environment also promote equality of opportunity and advance economic inclusion. APEC should move at a faster pace to support businesses of all types, particularly MSMEs and start-ups, to access domestic and international markets. Our economic and technical cooperation and capacity building can reduce administrative barriers; promote education, training and skills development; enhance access to technology, finance and cross-border payment mechanisms; and ensure access to market and regulatory information.

 

APEC is also making useful contributions towards identifying policies and implementing structural reforms in support of inclusive and sustainable transitions to the future of work. To this end, we strongly support the ongoing work to implement the La Serena Roadmap for Women and Inclusive Growth across APEC’s work agenda, which supports the economic empowerment of women. We encourage work that empowers women and others with untapped economic potential to access capital and markets, including through trade.

 

3. Shaping our future prosperity

 

It is critical that the economic settings in each of our economies enable trade and investment to become driving forces for our long-term economic prosperity, as we respond to the economic crisis. We welcome APEC’s efforts to refresh its structural reform agenda, which will outline pillars of work including creating an enabling environment for open, transparent, and competitive markets and boosting business recovery and resilience against future shocks to promote strong, balanced, inclusive, innovative, and sustainable growth.

 

The pandemic has accelerated the process of digitalisation, with the adoption of digital solutions no longer optional but necessary. We instruct officials to respond to ABAC’s urgent call to accelerate progress on the APEC Internet and Digital Economy Roadmap work programme. We must create an enabling, inclusive and non-discriminatory digital economy that fosters the application of new technologies, allows businesses and entrepreneurs to thrive, facilitates the flow of data, strengthens consumer and business trust, and allows goods and services to move seamlessly across borders. At the same time, it is important to bridge the digital divide by facilitating access to information and communication technologies and the skills everyone needs to thrive in the digital economy where no one is left behind. Our work on the digital economy is critical for our future economic prosperity and is reflected in the APEC connectivity agenda and initiatives to build and safeguard an open, healthy, competitive, seamless and comprehensively connected and integrated Asia-Pacific region.

 

As a concrete step that can also make a significant contribution to our response to COVID-19, we will accelerate implementation of the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement, particularly those articles relating to: the accelerated use of digitalisation for border processes; pre-arrival processing of electronic declarations; electronic documents, electronic certification, electronic payments; expedited shipments; and border agency cooperation. APEC is well-placed to support economies in these efforts. This will further enhance the efficiency of supply chains. We agree to embed digital trade facilitation measures taken by APEC members during COVID-19. We task officials to report on progress when we meet again at the APEC Ministerial Meeting in November.

 

We support ongoing efforts to conclude, ratify, implement and upgrade bilateral and regional trade agreements that benefit and protect our people, enhance predictability and transparency for our businesses, complement the multilateral trading system, and contribute to deeper economic integration in the region. These undertakings are strengthened by APEC’s extensive work to support high quality and comprehensive trade and investment outcomes in the Asia-Pacific, particularly our ongoing implementation of the Lima Declaration on the Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific (FTAAP). We note ABAC’s call to ensure FTAAP remains the organising principle for regional economic integration. We also recognise the importance of regional, sub-regional and remote area connectivity through quality infrastructure development and investment, based upon relevant APEC work.

 

Last year APEC Economic Leaders proclaimed the Putrajaya Vision for an open, dynamic, resilient and peaceful Asia-Pacific community by 2040, and we urge officials to finalise their design of a concrete implementation plan across all elements of the vision by the time of the 2021 APEC Economic Leaders’ Meeting.

 

We thank New Zealand for hosting the APEC MRT meeting and look forward to reviewing progress when we meet again in November.

 

Haumi ē, Hui ē, Tāiki ē

 

Join, Work, Grow. Together

Annex 1: APEC MRT Statement on COVID-19 Vaccine Supply Chains

 

We, the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Ministers Responsible for Trade;

 

Welcoming progress implementing the 2020 APEC Declaration on Facilitating the Movement of Essential Goods, across export restrictions, non-tariff barriers, trade facilitation, and tariffs;

 

Recalling APEC Economic Leaders’ determination and commitment to ensure the smooth distribution of essential goods across borders;

 

Recognising the importance of ensuring the safety, efficiency, and resilience of supply chains for COVID-19 vaccines and related goods for the region’s recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic;

 

Acknowledging the work by the World Health Organization (WHO), World Customs Organization (WCO) and other international organisations in facilitating COVID-19 vaccines and related goods;

 

Consistent with World Trade Organization (WTO) rights and obligations, WCO standards and the International Health Regulations;

 

Commit to accelerating implementation of the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement and take further action in the following areas:

 

   1. We agree to use the WCO-WHO list of COVID-19 vaccines and related goods World Customs Organization and World Health Organization List of HS Classification Reference for Vaccines and Related Supplies and Equipment

 

 as a reference for facilitating trade. APEC economies will expedite the flow and transit of all COVID-19 vaccines and related goods through their air, sea and land ports.We will expedite their release upon arrival, including by providing for advance electronic submission and processing of information to enable immediate release upon arrival.

   2. We will advance the implementation of the Best Practice Guidelines for APEC Customs Administrations to Facilitate the Distribution of COVID-19 Vaccines and Related Goods. We agree to embed the trade facilitation measures implemented during the pandemic, including digitising customs procedures, expediting the flow of goods across borders, and boosting coordination between traders and border agencies.

   3. While WTO rules permit export restrictions or prohibitions in certain circumstances, we emphasise economies who adopt such measures with respect to COVID-19 vaccines and related goods will evaluate their ongoing necessity as COVID-19 conditions change, in order to ensure they remain targeted, proportional, transparent, temporary, and do not create unnecessary barriers to trade. We call on other WTO members to exercise equal restraint.

   4. We will consider voluntary actions to reduce the cost of these products for our people, particularly by encouraging each economy to review its own charges levied at the border on COVID-19 vaccines and related goods.

   5. We will take appropriate measures to prevent criminal exploitation of supply chains and to prevent the entry and import of illegal, dangerous, sub-standard or counterfeit COVID-19 vaccines and related goods. This could include further implementing the APEC Roadmap to Promote Global Medical Product Quality and Supply Chain Security and related toolkit.

 

Review Mechanism

 

The APEC Secretariat will make a summary report on the actions implemented by economies under this initiative by the APEC Ministerial Meeting in November 2021, and every twelve months thereafter until COVID-19 is no longer determined to be a public health emergency of international concern.

 

Drawing on the reporting from the APEC Secretariat, APEC economies will review the progress of this initiative and report to us when we meet again in November.

 

 

Annex 2: APEC MRT Statement on Services to Support the Movement of Essential Goods

 

In 2020, in response to COVID-19, APEC Ministers Responsible for Trade committed to work to facilitate the movement of essential goods across borders and minimise disruptions to the global supply chains. 

 

Recognising the importance of ensuring that trade continues to flow during the COVID-19 pandemic;

 

Recognising the vital role that services play in supporting the movement of essential goods as well as in the distribution of vaccines;

 

Committed to working together to facilitate the supply of services to support the movement of essential goods at this critical time;

 

Committed to a free, open, fair, non-discriminatory, transparent, inclusive and predictable trade and investment environment,

 

Reiterating our commitment to respond effectively and transparently to the economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and to ensure that essential goods reach the destinations where they are needed during the pandemic, we APEC Ministers Responsible for Trade, hereby declare:

 

Barriers to Trade in Services

 

APEC economies should prioritise identifying unnecessary barriers to trade in any relevant services that may hinder expediting and facilitating the movement of essential goods, and should ensure consistency of any such barriers with their World Trade Organization (WTO) and preferential trade agreement obligations and commitments.

 

These efforts should be supported by a strong international set of disciplines. In this context, we note the progress made in the WTO under the Joint Statement Initiative on Domestic Regulation in Services. APEC member participants in this Initiative encourage conclusion of these negotiations as soon as possible.

 

Trade Facilitation

 

APEC economies will work to ensure the smooth and continued operation of the logistics networks that serve as the backbone of global supply chains. Building on the APEC Declaration on Facilitating the Movement of Essential Goods, we commit to enhancing coordination, efficiency and transparency around transport and logistical services, including those required for the border clearance of essential goods.

 

Each APEC economy is encouraged to facilitate services that support the expediting and release of essential goods upon arrival. This includes allowing services suppliers to digitally submit import documentation and other required information, such as manifests, in order to begin processing prior to the arrival of goods.

 

Review Mechanism

 

APEC economies will update the progress of these initiatives as part of the review of the Declaration on Facilitating the Movement of Essential Goods. The first such review will be conducted in 2022.